Dysphonia

Dysphonia - Dysphonia (Dysphonemie, dysphonia) is an impairment of the vocal part of the articulation (also called phonation) in diseases or disorders of the larynx and the vocal tract.

The voice sounded hoarse and severity depending on the findings, rough, busy or aspirated. The voice is often no longer a "flexible". The timbre, pitch and volume can be varied by the victim then often only to a limited extent. The speaker then feels uncomfortable, you feel a feeling of dryness in the throat or a Fremdkörper-/Kloßgefühl clears his throat and often compulsive. This increased pressure enhances the vocal vocal impairment. The maximum is a form of voicelessness (aphonia).

At the risk of persistent overuse secondary-organic changes, such as vocal cord nodules.

Causes

Voice disorders may have organic or functional causes. Organic causes are for example Inflammation, paralysis, benign and malignant neoplasms (eg, polyps, nodules, granulomas, laryngeal cancer), but also a reflux of stomach acid (gastric laryngitis). In rare cases, there laryngeal injuries or congenital malformations of the larynx before.

The functional dysphonia may originate in an overload (ponogene D.), in voting detrimental speaking habits (habitual D.), a plant-related weak vocal apparatus (constitutional D.), a kind of conversation neurosis (psychogenic D.) and as a symptom of a general physical disease (symptomatic D.) have. Depending on the clinical manifestations are hyper-and hypo-functional dysphonia ("too much" or "too little" use of force) differed.

Voice changes also occur with hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, but also in puberty or menopause, and are to some extent normal.

"Special" forms

The following "special" form of dysphonia are described in older literature:

Dysphonia clericorum with speakers (for example, preachers), as a result of overuse of the voice, usually painful.

Paralytic dysphonia with damage to the vagus nerve or its branch N. laryngeal (usually inf.) [N. recurrent].

Dysphonia during puberum the voice broke.

Spastic dysphonia (Aphonia Mogiphonie or spastic); compressed, clipped, creaky voice onset by compression of the vocal cords during phonation test, especially for speakers or as a neurotic symptom. (Delineate spasmodic dysphonia by, a form of dystonia)

Senile dysphonia, voice of the age

Diagnosis

The comprehensive medical diagnosis always includes laryngoscopy (endoscopy) with laryngeal stroboscopy or high-speed camera and an auditory tuning results for the speaking and singing voice. This is complemented by the detection apparatus electrophysiological parameters such as fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, etc., through the creation of a voice and Electroglottography field.

Therapy

Functional voice disorders are usually treated in a targeted therapy for phoniatrists vocal, respiratory, speech and voice teachers or speech therapists (for example, breathing rhythmically matched phonation) by adjusting to the physiological phonation. For organic voice disorders occur depending on the findings most surgical procedures are used, where the changes are removed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia (see phonosurgery). Malignant changes usually require a generous removal of the tumor, often with residual, persistent voice disorder.

Share this post